Ep 54: Black Hole Sun

00:00Jonah gets upset when they repent and are forgiven because Jonah was like "I knew you would do this to me."

00:07You're always doing this, you're always making me look bad in front of my friends.

00:11You're always forgiving people.

00:14Hey everybody, I'm Dan McClellan.

00:22And I'm Dan Beecher.

00:23And you're listening to the Data Over Dogma podcast where we increase public access to the academic study of the Bible and religion

00:31and combat the spread of misinformation about the same.

00:34How are things today, Dan?

00:36Things are good, man.

00:37We're going to do some combatting today.

00:40We're going to be putting the combat socks on.

00:42That's right.

00:43Yeah.

00:44Get yourselves ready.

00:45That's the second half of the show.

00:48We are assuming at this moment that by the time this reaches you all, there's a world for this to go out into.

00:57Yes, there is an open question about whether or not the earth will crash into the sun

01:03or the sun will expand to engulf the earth on April 8th.

01:08Yeah.

01:09Yeah, April 8th, it's going to kill us all.

01:13Yeah, so if you're listening to this, it's probably either the 15th or the 16th or maybe later if you're just irresponsible.

01:21And we should know for sure whether or not the earth has come to the end.

01:27Our money, the line was not very great that they gave us, but our money is on the earth still being there.

01:34Yeah, yeah.

01:35That's our bet.

01:37I just got back from Philadelphia and I saw some of where they make our money.

01:43Oh, yeah, you went to a mint?

01:45I went to the mint and I'll tell you what, there's something very funny about going to a mint right now because it just feels like you're watching a VHS factory or something.

01:57Like, it feels like, does anyone still use this stuff? The physical, like, you see them making pennies and nickels which are worth, which cost more to make than they are worth.

02:09And I just go, what, what are we doing here people?

02:13Yeah, I haven't touched a penny in years.

02:15Well, yeah.

02:16Yeah.

02:17And then, you know, you're in Philadelphia and you're surrounded by everything, Benjamin Franklin.

02:23And the number, you're suddenly reminded of the volume of quotations from Benjamin Franklin about pennies specifically, and it just becomes a whole thing.

02:35He was a tradition of throwing pennies onto his grave, which is weird.

02:39Really? Like, take that Franklin.

02:43Save one of these. A sock full of nickels? Just start wailing on his, on his grave.

02:53There was a, there was an old video of where Ben Franklin, like, visits a kid in, in the dead of night to try to teach him about, was it a, was it a Mystery Science Theater 3000?

03:04I think it was a Mystery Science Theater 3000 thing.

03:06Okay.

03:07Where they, they, they watch this video. It's like one of those educational videos from, like, the 50s, whereas, like, Ben Franklin shows up in this kid's bedroom and, like, lectures him on saving money.

03:22Oh, man, it was bad.

03:24Oh, Ben.

03:25Yep.

03:26Ben is a nut.

03:30They, they all had their, their issues back then.

03:34But they also had eclipses back then, and that is what we're going to be talking about in the second segment.

03:40Oh, segued, man. You, you brought it all back around. Nice.

03:44Going.

03:45That's where the, that's where the money is, is made or lost.

03:48A true case lost.

03:49Um, but.

03:51But before that, we're going to do a, a, a chapter and verse that is actually just a chapter.

03:57Yep.

03:58So let's get onto that.

04:00All right.

04:03So this chapter and verse, we, we're going to act.

04:07Um, you had suggested to me that we could do the council at Jerusalem.

04:12And I said to you what I don't know what that is.

04:16Uh, and you said, Oh, you probably rolled your eye.

04:21We were texting.

04:22So I didn't get to hear the exasperation in your voice.

04:25Uh, but you very kindly pointed me in the direction of acts 15.

04:30Yes.

04:31Ex 15, um, the, the dead center of the book of acts and, um, yeah.

04:36The odds of the book of acts, if you will.

04:39And, and Peter's got to beware the odds of the book of acts because he's mentioned in acts 15.

04:45And then he drops out of the acts of the apostles entirely.

04:49Oh, really?

04:50Or is not mentioned again after the Jerusalem council.

04:53Paul then takes over as the main character.

04:57Paul's main character syndrome is fed by the Jerusalem council.

05:03Okay.

05:04And then he takes over and then additionally the, the apostles and the elders at Jerusalem,

05:10who are mentioned a handful of times and particularly in acts 15,

05:14they're mentioned once again in like acts 16 for, and then they too disappear from the narrative.

05:20Just as we, we shift from a Jerusalem focused ministry to the broader Gentile focused ministry in acts.

05:30So a lot of scholars would suggest this is intentional craftsmanship on the part of the author of acts.

05:37Uh, who is traditionally labeled Luke, but, uh, I'm not a fan of that theory.

05:42So, uh, I will just continue to refer to the author of acts that they were, they wanted to set this up as, as kind of two acts.

05:49Get it?

05:50Ta-da.

05:51Act one and act two.

05:54Ta-da.

05:55Um, and yeah, and, and the pivot point is the Jerusalem council or the council of Jerusalem.

06:01Okay.

06:02And, um, if we're pivoting from, uh, from Peter to Paul, I just want to know, cause I, you know, I read acts 15 and, uh,

06:12where's Mary and all of this?

06:14No, I'm going to say where's Barnabas.

06:16Barnabas was a big deal.

06:18He's there right next to Paul.

06:20They're doing it together.

06:21Uh, her team, they're a, they're a, they're a duo.

06:24They're an act.

06:25Uh, and then suddenly like Paul just gets all the credit from, from then on out.

06:29Yeah.

06:30And there's, there's an argument to make some people think that the, um, the attribution of, or the, the assignment of authorship of Luke and acts to Luke is based on the prominence of Luke in the book of acts.

06:47And in this way, it kind of functions as the gospel according to Paul.

06:53And so, um, Paul is, it's got to take over control of the narrative.

06:58And you see at the end of acts 15 versus 36 through 41, the two of them, um, have a falling out and go their separate ways and the authors.

07:09Yeah.

07:10And the author of acts is like, sorry, man, I got to stick with Paul.

07:13Um, you just, you're Barnabas is just too onerous to write.

07:18It's too big a word.

07:20It sounds silly.

07:21We're just going to go with Paul.

07:22Yeah.

07:23Um, Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus, uh, sail away, sail away, sail away.

07:30And, uh, Paul chose Silas and they, uh, went their own way to Cilicia strengthening the churches along the way.

07:38Oh, there you go.

07:40Paul, Paul has a new sidekick, I guess.

07:44Yep.

07:45In Silas.

07:46All right.

07:47Let's get into this council and, uh, and what it's for and what they decided because I think some of their decisions, uh, I'm going to side with them.

07:56I'm going to say they made some, some good decisions.

07:59And then other ones, I'm going to be, I'm a little sketchier on, but, uh, but it definitely like is a pivot point for Christianity as an idea.

08:09Yeah.

08:10As a, as its own church, as its own, uh, entity going forward.

08:15Yeah.

08:16And, and there, there are scholars who will argue that this is, uh, this is kind of affects the break between Christianity and Judaism and other scholars would, would argue against that.

08:29But certainly this represents one of the main, um, turning points.

08:34But even if you go back into the gospel of Luke, you have Luke representing, uh, non Israelites, uh, favorably.

08:44Luke is, is kind of, there's foreshadowing going on.

08:47Luke is leaning into this, hey, this is, this is going to be for everybody kind of, um, storytelling.

08:53Um, whereas in Matthew, you have Jesus saying I am sent only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

09:00Uh, and it's not until afterwards that we have this, this pivot, but, uh, we have something interesting.

09:07I want to start actually in Acts chapter 10 and 11.

09:10Oh, I was not prepared for this.

09:12Okay.

09:13Fine.

09:14Go.

09:15So this is where, um, this is where you have this, uh, gentleman named Cornelius, um, who is a centurion, uh, of the Italian cohort.

09:24And he comes to, uh, to jam with, he, he wants to, um, he's a godfierer and he's interested in, um, some literature, basically about Christianity.

09:38And Peter is on his, his roof, uh, you know, taken a nap, passed out, don't know what's going on, but he's hungry.

09:46And he has this vision where this sheet is lowered down and he sees all these different kinds of animals clean and unclean.

09:55And here's a voice that says rise, kill, and eat.

09:58And he says, name my lord.

10:01Um, for I have never eaten any unclean thing.

10:05And God says, or this voice says what God has declared clean.

10:11You shouldn't call unclean and this Peter has this vision three times.

10:17And then he's just kind of left going, uh, what?

10:22And doesn't know what's going on.

10:24And then, um, there's the knock at the door and, um, they're like, you have a gentleman caller.

10:32Uh, and he says, I am not dressed to receive.

10:35Um, just kidding. That's not in the text. So he goes down and, um, meets with Cornelius and suddenly kind of picks up on what this means.

10:45Oh, wait a minute.

10:47Maybe what this means is the Gentiles should have access to the gospel as well.

10:53Not just Jewish folks.

10:55And so it's actually, it's actually doing two things.

10:58This vision, one is the actual content of the vision, it's saying, guess what? No more distinction between clean and unclean foods.

11:08In other words, we're not going to do the unclean foods thing anymore.

11:11Um, and the other thing is, and that figuratively, we're going to extend to who can access the gospel Gentiles can access the gospel.

11:21And, um, and a lot of folks, I made a video the other day where I, I said that, um, uh, that one of the, the kind of eradication of this distinction of clean and unclean foods.

11:33Part of it takes place in acts 10. And a bunch of people are like, no, that was just figurative for taking the gospel of the Gentiles.

11:39Like I didn't read the verse where it was like, oh, PS, the whole vision thing. That was all pretend. We're actually not doing that.

11:47Um, like that's obviously also a part of it.

11:50Um, they didn't come back and say, this was all for illustration purposes. None of this is legally binding. Um, so then we, we come to, to be fair, that method of communicating, which is just sort of all weird esoteric metaphor.

12:05Uh, you can't hold it down to anything. It is, it is tricky. It's squishy. It's very squishy, but that's what makes it enduring because it can be molded to fit all kinds of different circumstances.

12:18Oh, we're going to be looking at some enduring weird stuff later on in the show. Like, like the, it is, yeah, it's enduring, but that's because you can keep reapplying it in new and creative and really bizarre ways.

12:34Yeah. And I would think that, uh, you know, frankly, I don't understand, personally don't understand a God that doesn't want to communicate clearly. Maybe it's the neurodivergent in me that just wants all of the language and communication to be clear and easily understood.

12:52But do you know what they call me? There's, they have a word for the fact that the scriptures are clear and understood and easy to understand. You know what that word is? What? Perspicuity. Oh, yeah. Okay.

13:05The perspicuity of scripture, the perspicuity of God. I was going to say fiction. It's not the fact that it's unclear and easy to understand. No, the Bible is perspicuous.

13:16It's conspicuously perspicuous. Yeah. Well, ideally, the reality is that the perspicuity is few and far between. Yeah. And, but we're going to, we're going to take our show to Antioch now in Syria in the north, kind of right where

13:33the, the northeast corner of the Mediterranean Sea. And we have Paul there. And we have this story at the beginning of Acts 15. It says then certain individuals, and I'm going to say who?

13:48Just certain individuals. Not naming names. Yeah. Fulano de Tal. If you know what that means. Came down from Judea and we're teaching the brothers. Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.

14:03And after Paul and Barnabas had Barnabas, excuse me, had no small dissension and debate with them. Paul and Barnabas and some of the, do I keep saying Barnabas?

14:15I don't like it. I'm enjoying it. You say it however you want. Oh, that's why Paul chose to get apart from Barnabas. He couldn't say his name half the time. This is how Jacob became James. And I'm dead serious about this. Jacob was

14:31in Latin. And then I just replaced that B within M. Yeah, and that happened in Latin. And it became Yaku moose. Yeah. And that became Yaku mo, which became Tiago, which became

14:47Jaime, which became James, which became San Diego, Saint James, Santiago, all of that. Okay. Anyway,

14:55Paul and Barnabas and some of the others were appointed to go up to Jerusalem to discuss this question with the apostles and the elders. So we're setting the stage

15:04by saying basically some people came into Paul's house and told his people what they had to do. And he wasn't having it. Interestingly,

15:15there is what many scholars should believe to be a variant account of this. Did you? I don't know if you came across this. Paul in Galatians 2, the first dozen or so

15:30verses is explaining the Jerusalem Council from his perspective. Oh, and it conflicts in hotels with what's going on in Acts because Paul says he went up to Jerusalem because of a revelation. Not because

15:48some, so some no names came down to his territory and started causing trouble in the neighborhood. So started arguing about everybody having to be circumcised. Yeah. Yeah. It's like, hey, not everything is about your, you know,

16:05they go up to Jerusalem. They were sent on their way by the church. And as they passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, they reported the conversion of the Gentiles and brought great joy to all the brothers and sisters. So basically,

16:19the, bringing the gospel to the Gentiles without having the Gentiles have to go through Judaism to get there is a great thing. And the author is letting, you know, everybody is rejoicing about this.

16:32When they came to Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church and the apostles and the elders and they reported all that God had done with them.

16:38But some believers who belonged to the sect of the Pharisees stood up and said, it is necessary for them to be circumcised and ordered to keep the law of Moses.

16:47So basically, this is going to be a big debate about whether or not the law of Moses is still in effect and whether or not Christians must hold to all of the rights and ordinances of Judaism, including for men, the right of circumcision.

17:04Yeah. And again, when we look in Galatians 2, Paul talks about it in slightly different details. The apostles and the elders met together to consider this matter after there had been much debate.

17:19Peter stood up and said to them, my brothers, you know that in the early days, God made a choice among you that I should be the one through whom the Gentiles would hear the message of the good news and become believers.

17:29And God who knows the human heart testified to them by giving them the Holy Spirit just as He did to us and in cleansing their hearts by faith has made no distinction between them and us.

17:39Now, therefore, why are you putting God to the test by placing on the neck of the disciples, a yoke that neither our ancestors nor we have been able to bear.

17:47So Peter is picking up the torch or bringing the gospel to the Gentiles. Yeah, that's a bold statement. Just saying, God made a choice among you.

18:03Yeah, meaning like none of you are the guy. I'm the guy. Yeah, that's not you. So listen to me. Yeah, it's got, it takes nerves to stand up and be like, look, you remember how God said I'm in charge.

18:17Right. Anyway, and it's been happening ever since. Yeah.

18:21On the contrary, we believe that we will be saved through the grace of the Lord Jesus just as they will. In other words, Jewish folks, they have the law that they're following, but for Christians salvation is in grace.

18:40It's not in the works of the law. And so Jewish folks who are keeping the law for Jewish folks who are believers in Jesus can continue to keep the law for the sake of cultural reasons.

18:53But those who are not Jewish don't have to adopt those conventions in order to be saved because salvation is through grace and faith.

19:04The whole assembly. And that didn't become a big problem point. No, well, not for, not for about 1400 years, but yeah.

19:15And then things boiled over. Things went a little sludge wise.

19:21The whole assembly kept silence and listened to Barnabas and Paul as they told of all the signs and wonders that God had done through them among the Gentiles.

19:30Here's where we get to kind of the linchpin of the whole thing. After they finish speaking, James replied. Now, this is the brother of Jesus. Yeah, this is Jesus's own flesh and blood who we hear about in James likely has become the leader of the church in Jerusalem following the death of Jesus.

19:54And so when James stands up, everybody listens, even Peter is like, Hey, remember God put me in charge. And James is like, sit down.

20:04I got this. My brothers listen to me. Simeon has related how God first looked favorably on the Gentiles to take from among them a people for his name.

20:15This agrees with the words of the prophets as it is written. And then we got acts 15 verses 16 through 17, which I think are fascinating because this is supposed to be a quotation from Amos chapter nine versus 11 and 12.

20:29Right.

20:30But it's not what you will find if you look in your Old Testament at Amos nine versus 11 and 12. It's a little bit different. And the differences are there are two things that are causing difference here. One is that it's going from the Greek translation, the Septuagint.

20:48And it changes a couple of words. So I'm going to read what he quotes. And then I'll talk about the difference between this and what we actually find in the Hebrew. Okay.

21:02So this is what the prophets wrote. After this, I will return and I will rebuild the dwelling of David, which has fallen from its ruins. I will rebuild it and I will set it up so that all other peoples may seek the Lord, even all the Gentiles over whom my name has been called.

21:25Thus says the Lord who has been making these things known from long ago. So it sounds like the prophets have prophesied of a time when the Lord's blessings would be extended to all the Gentiles over whom God's name would be called.

21:46That's definitely what that sounds like. Yeah.

21:49It's not what is actually in Amos. And I knew it. They're tricking me again. And this is Amos chapter, which this is Amos chapter nine.

22:01And here's verse 11 and 12. On that day, I will raise up the booth of David that has fallen and repair its breaches and raise up its ruins and rebuild it as in the days of old.

22:16So, we're doing okay. Yeah, roughly similar.

22:22In order that they may possess the remnant of Edom and all the nations who are called by my name says the Lord who does this.

22:33Oh, so here, yeah, here's where things go sideways.

22:39Or what did you say? Slaunch wise or something? That's right. That's a, that's a beach-er-ism right there.

22:48Well, I was thinking squanch, but there you go. That's, that's from another show.

22:54So here are the main differences.

22:56Amos says in order that they may possess the remnant of Edom and Acts 15 says so that all other peoples may seek the Lord.

23:06And it feels different. It feels different. And the difference is in two words in the Hebrew. Edom is spelled according to one spelling, not the full spelling, but what we call the defective spelling.

23:21It's spelled exactly the same as the Hebrew word for humanity or man.

23:25Edom and Adam can be spelled the same way. And so the Greek translation doesn't understand that this is talking about Edom and thinks it's talking about Adam and so has humanity or mankind or something like that.

23:41Oh, and, and Edom to be clear, Edom is a place. It's a type of music, um, electron, I'm just kidding. Stop it. Stop it. It is, it is a place. It is southeast of Israel. And so Edom would become Ida Mia.

24:00And the Ida Mians prior to just prior to Jesus's life would all be forcibly converted to Judaism. So King Herod was actually an Ida Meon.

24:15So considered like an outside, an outsider who also happens to be Jewish. So anyway, and then the other problem is we've got possessed the remnant of Edom possess is a verb.

24:29Yarash in Hebrew. That means to dispossessed to take over something like that. It is misunderstood as Darash by the Septuagint translators or they have a variant text in as a source text. Darash means to seek.

24:46So the Septuagint translation here actually says so that the remnant of man may seek.

24:55Oh, wow. And then it stops. It doesn't, this is a transitive verb. That means that this is a verb that takes a direct object, but the text doesn't provide a direct object because it is a mistranslation that results in an incomplete

25:09sentence. And so when we pick it up in Acts, what are they? What is the remnant of humanity seeking?

25:16Well, obviously we're going to put the Lord in there. Right. So that's what the author of Acts puts into James mouth. And then even all the Gentiles over whom my name has been called in the Hebrew, we have all the nations who are called by my name.

25:33So Amos is actually a prophecy about the nation of Israel, reconquering territories that they once held, but then lost. At the period of their largest expanse, they had hegemony in Edom and in other nations that they later lost.

25:53And so this is a prophecy about the nation of Israel taking back over the land of Edom and any other lands that at one point had been possessed by the people of Adonai, the people of the Lord, and it gets reinterpreted thanks to these words.

26:11Now, whether this is incidental, whether it is intentional, some people think it is inspired. Some people think that they were using testimony, which is where you cobble together, inspiring statements from fragments of different scriptures.

26:29Whatever the case, good thing. Nobody does that anymore. Yeah. Whatever the case, what James ends up saying is not what the prophet says. And it's also in Greek. Right. So James was not speaking in Aramaic or Hebrew when this came out of his mouth, which means it didn't come out of his mouth.

26:53It means that this is the only way that this prophecy works in this context is if it is in Greek. And so this is through multiple mistranslations.

27:06And so this is a literary creation. In other words, it is the author of the Book of Acts who is putting these words into the mouth of James, the brother of the Lord.

27:18But because what you're saying, sorry, let me make sure I understand what you're saying because James would have spoken Aramaic or Hebrew. Yeah.

27:27As his primary like spoken tongue. Yeah, this, this council in Jerusalem would have been going on in Aramaic or Hebrew. Okay.

27:37And those mistranslations would only have happened because of the way things work in Greek because of the way. Okay. Specifically, specifically, it is the precise mistranslation that the Septuagint is responsible for.

27:55Right. In other words, if James was actually quoting scripture, he had just peaked in the Greek Septuagint and was like, okay, I'm going to quote that.

28:03He was like, yeah, I could be reading this in its original Hebrew or whatever. I feel like it's better to go with the Greek translation of it and translate it back.

28:13Do you remember that there was an SNL sketch back in like the 80s where they had taken a song and it had been translated into into like French and they were like, and now we've translated it back.

28:26And it was just a popular song, but like the words were just slightly. Oh, gosh. Yeah, that was a long, long time ago. Anyway, they've done that with like Google translate now where they translated into Aramaic and then translate it back into English or something.

28:41Yeah. It's always. It's not the best way to do it. Nothing beats. However, the song by that Italian singer that was all gibberish.

28:51There was pretend English. Yes, that was pretending. I can, I can hear it. I can hear it. It totally doesn't know English. This would fool me.

29:00You guys should Google that if you want to just pause the show for now and go Google Italian guy Italians. It was like in the 70s or something.

29:08Yeah. Yeah. There's a great video, but holy cow. Yeah.

29:13And then, yeah. So, and then there's come together, which is also just gibberish, but.

29:21So, so this seems to be something that the author of the book of Acts is putting into the mouth of James based on either their copy, their copy of the Greek translation of Amos or these testimony.

29:33So, it's possible that they could have a text that was cobbling together a bunch of different sayings that are attributed to the prophets because they, you know, these texts transmitted in different ways back then.

29:47The author of the book of Acts could not just go down to the local cross way and pick up a Bible and know that it was going to be the same as everyone else's.

29:57They had these were mostly on scrolls and you had different scrolls produced by different folks. And so there were lots of differences.

30:05But, and then we have James who immediately moves on to a peculiar alteration of the law. He says, therefore, I have reached the decision that we should not trouble those Gentiles who are turning to God.

30:24But we should write to them. And then, and then here we get this list. These are the things we're going to maintain as part of the law. This is what's required of you.

30:34We're, we're, we're going to let them leave their wee-wees alone. But here are the things that they do have to do.

30:41Right. So, we go from 613 down to four. And here they are. We should write to them to abstain only from things polluted by idols. And this probably refers mainly to food, but, but other things that have.

30:53That have, that have been sullied by a food by an idol. Offer the food to the idol. Oh, so like it was sacrificed to an idol. Yeah.

31:04So this, this is a big debate with Paul is, should we eat food that has been sacrificed to idols? Because a big part of participation in the Greco-Roman society at this time period would have been participating in feasts and house parties and things like that.

31:19And one of the things that they would have done is, you know, poured out a little for the homies. Only the homies are the gods. And so, if you are then going and partaking of that food, are you partaking in the worship of the deity?

31:35And none of that. That's right out. Yeah. Although Paul's, well, we'll get to Paul.

31:42So that's thing one, things polluted from idols, by idols, and from sexual immorality. And I, and I'm pretty sure I'm, I don't have the, let me pull up the Greek real quick.

31:53This probably is poor Nia. Yes, poor Nia. Poor Nia is where we get pornography, the word. And it is, it is kind of a grab bag of illicit sexual activity. And as, as exciting as that sounds to a lot of people, there's, you can't go to the store and say, give me the grab bag of illicit sexual activity.

32:17So it's fundamentally related to adultery and sex work. So these were the things that were considered unseemly in the Greco-Roman world around this time period for the more conservative crowd.

32:31Okay. And then, but it was broader than that as well. It basically included anything that a social group considered to be illicit sexual activity. And so for Christians around this time period, particularly the more philosophically oriented ones, the more conservative ones,

32:49it would have certainly included pretty much all sex outside of marriage. Although there is a question about things like masturbation and sex with slaves, because they were not considered fully people. And so there is an argument to make that perhaps that was considered unproblematic.

33:12So, they needed to spell out a lot more things. I'm just going to say that we now, like the fact that this book is still being followed means that there's a lot of, there are a lot of questions that are still hanging out there.

33:27Yeah. And, you know, at the time, it would have been the unwritten rules would have sat a lot closer to the surface. So you would have a, if you were part of this community, you would have a much clearer idea of what they considered in, what they considered out.

33:41We would have fewer instances of George Costanza saying, was that wrong? And so, so that's, that's number two.

33:54And from whatever has been strangled. So within Judaism, there are prescribed ways of slaughtering animals that are going to be eaten. The blood has to be drained from them.

34:05And so this is probably related to the idea of things polluted by idols. In other words, there were probably ritual ways to slaughter animals that involve strangling them at the time, and this is typically seen as unseemly.

34:22Okay. There's, if you are interested in being disturbed, there is an interesting episode of No Reservations with Anthony Bourdain, where he participates in the slaughter of a very large pig for a, I forget what the name of it is called, but a specific kind of feast, a Cajun style feast.

34:45Okay. And yeah. They strangle it? No, they don't strangle it. But they drain its blood and there's a large knife involved, somebody's holding a pistol.

35:00All I'm going to say is strangulation is literally the weirdest possible way to slaughter an animal for fun.

35:08Yeah. It's like, let's take the longest least efficient and most disturbing way to do this. I just have this image of a guy with like a pig and a headlock. Like, come on!

35:20Oh man, my grandfather taught me a trick when I was growing up to hypnotize chickens. You grab them by the feet, you put them down on their back so their heads on the ground. You put your finger in the dirt right by their eye.

35:35And then you draw a line going straight away from them. And it messes with their depth perception. And so they sit there just staring at the line.

35:44And so my grandfather was like, he put a chicken like that, drew the line and then the chicken was just like frozen. And then he just chopped his head off while it was just laying on the ground.

35:55Okay. Yeah. Sounds great. This is one of those helpful episodes where we have useful tips for everybody for their lives.

36:04Folks, so I grew up on a farm. Folks who grew up on a farm are used to this kind of thing. Absolutely. Absolutely.

36:14All right. And then thing four is blood. So James basically rewrites the law of Moses. Meaning eating blood, right?

36:24We're going to do away with all of these other things. We got four rules. Things polluted by idols, pornia, whatever we consider to be illicit sexual acts, things strangled and blood.

36:37And so three of the four things have to do with ritual purity of food, which is peculiar for this new Christian group that is being taken to the Gentiles.

36:53Why is that peculiar? Well, when you talk to Christians about why they don't follow certain Old Testament laws and why they do follow others, why why certain of them should still be relevant, you generally get one of two different rationalizations.

37:10One is that anything that Jesus quoted as being relevant in the New Testament, like that stays, like Jesus endorses it. And so it stays. And then anything that wasn't quoted goes that.

37:25And it, you know, that has fuzzy boundaries. That doesn't work. But that's one of the rationalizations. The other rationalization is that the law, the laws of the law of Moses can be divided into two or three different categories.

37:39One is moral laws and the other is ceremonial laws. And then the third category, which comes up with like, by like Aquinas, around a thousand years later, is civil laws.

37:52And so what they say is Christianity keeps the moral laws does not keep the ceremonial and the civil laws.

38:00However, three of these four things are ceremonial laws. And Paul rejects those three ceremonial laws because Paul says, hey, we know an idol is nothing in the world.

38:16Sacrificing food to an idol doesn't change anything about the food. It's meaningless. Yeah. And so you're fine. Eat the food doesn't matter. Now, if you've got some, you know, some weak brother who is there who's like, oh, we can't, we can't eat the food.

38:34Then, you know, you don't want to scandalize him. You don't want to destroy his faith by you just chowing down. And so that's, that's where we get the brother should not put places stumbling block before another brother is basically the idea

38:51that you, you know, don't rejoice in your freedom right in front of these tender little snowflakes who are going to be ruined by this. Some poor Pharisee who's still trying to keep the laws the way they're supposed to.

39:07Or, or any Gentile who's just, you know, a little milk toast. Yeah. And, and so Paul is like, yeah, none of that matters. There's, it doesn't matter. Okay. And, you know, there are, there are large Christian populations in different parts of the world that have a long history of eating

39:27things like blood sausage. Yeah. And other things like that. Obviously James's four rules didn't stick. Nope.

39:39So basically we've gotten Peter's out. James is out. Basically, we can ignore all these guys at this. Well, and, and this is one of the things I keep saying, like nobody derives their worldview from the scriptures, not these people who are, we're talking about in the scriptures,

39:55not the people who wrote them, not anyone who follows the Bible because we all negotiate. We all pick and choose. And the, these things were, they were not picked.

40:08And then we get, so James is like, let's, let's do this. And then in verse 22, it says, then the apostles and the elders with the consent of the whole church decided to choose men from among them and to send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas.

40:23They sent Judas called Bar-Sabbas and Silas leaders among the brethren with the following letter. So Paul is taking this letter that says the brothers, both the apostles and the elders to the brothers and sisters of Gentile origin in Antioch and Syria and Cilicia. Greetings.

40:39Since we have heard that certain persons who have gone out from us, though with no instructions from us, have said things to disturb you and have unsettled your minds, we have decided unanimously to choose men and send them to you along with our beloved Barnabas and Paul who have risked their lives for the sake of our Lord Jesus Christ.

40:55We therefore sent Judas and Silas who themselves will tell you the same things by word of mouth for to seem good to the Holy Spirit and us to impose on you no further burden than these essentials that you abstain from what has been sacrificed to idols and from blood and from what is strangled and from sexual

41:15immorality. If you keep yourselves from these, you will do well. Very well. Wow. Yeah. So that's they were like, can we get it in writing? And they put it in writing. And so those are the four laws of Christianity, according to the author of the book book of Acts.

41:35A 25% of which stuck. Yeah. And didn't stick convincing like was confusing and weird, the sexual immorality part. And then, and then the part that this whole thing was about, or at least part of what it was all about, which is the circumcision

41:55somehow came back and now I'm circumcised. How did that happen? That was the one thing that they said we didn't have to do anymore. And now when, and you know who was it was John Kellogg. Do you know that?

42:08Do you know that that's why I'm circumcised? Because I didn't know I had never worried about why you personally are circumcised. You should. I am aware that Kellogg is is responsible for some, for some unseemly stuff.

42:24I'm very, I'm very anti circumcision. I could tell. And yeah, they gathered the congregation together. They delivered the letter. When they read it, they rejoiced at the exhortation. So basically everybody is having a great time because they just happily ever after.

42:44They just had six hundred and nine rules, regulations lifted. Yeah, they were left with four, and they would be getting rid of three of those before too long.

42:56Shortly in short order. Okay, but isn't this isn't this bizarre though that the only thing that stuck was this concern for sexual purity, which has become probably one of the central identity markers of Christianity today, even as it is, you know, flouted by an awful lot of people.

43:20The people who push who push this note, the hardest frequently on the people who are the worst at keeping it. Yeah. And if you, and if you haven't read Kristin Coba's Dumei's book, Jesus and John Wayne, you should definitely go do that.

43:38Oh yeah, we have gone way over time on this, but it has been fascinating. Do we, is there anything more? Should we just move on from there? It goes into Paul and Barnabas separating, but we already talked about that. So I think we've, there's more, more we could say about the Jerusalem Council, but I think that's a pretty, I think that's a pretty decent outline.

44:00A little primer for you. Yeah, and obviously circumcision was, was a part one of those six hundred and nine things that's done away with.

44:09Well, as Paul says goodbye to Barnabas, we will move on to conspiracy watch. Don't, don't, don't.

44:19Okay, so, that's a conspiracy sound. That's a good.

44:30Look, we just had us, as we said earlier, if assuming there's still earth and everyone is still there and they're listening to this, we just, we just had here in these United States in North America, and maybe, no, only North America right.

44:48A, an eclipse, a total solar eclipse. I hope some of you got to see it when I went to see the, the solar eclipse. It was a few years ago. It was a really wonderful experience. And I thought it was so cool.

45:05So I think it's something, if you, if you get a chance to experience it, definitely do it. However, I, not everybody shares my enthusiasm for solar eclipses.

45:19I have a friend on Facebook, who is a, a studier and practitioner of Ayurvedic medicine. This would be the, the ancient Indian medicine. And she posted a whole thing about how you shouldn't look at the eclipse, because it will cast a dark Ayurvedic shadow over your soul for 13 years or something like that.

45:42That has not been my experience. To my knowledge, the, no, no noticeable shadow has been cast over my soul. But Ayurvedic people are not the only people who are worried and, and, and fear can, and have theories about what this eclipse portends.

46:06I love it because these eclipses happen almost yearly, I think, somewhere on this planet. But we only hear about the, the crazies, at least for us, only come out when, when they hit the United States. So, yeah, the crazies have come out.

46:23What are they saying, Dan? Oh gosh, what are they not saying this? I think one of the, it, when I first started seeing the, the conspiracy theories about the eclipse.

46:38It started with this claim that this eclipse will be passing over, at least the, the field of greatest totality will be passing over seven cities in the US, while in North America, one of them is in Nova Scotia, called Nineveh.

46:58And yes, and so this, that is a, that is a, the name of a thing in the Bible. It is a thing in the Bible. It is a place in the Bible. It for a time was the capital of the neo Assyrian Empire. And there is the famous prophetic book of Jonah, where Jonah is sent to prophesy destruction in 40 days to the city of Nineveh.

47:23And then there's also in the book of Matthew. Well, it's in, it's in the gospels, but usually Matthew is quoted where Jesus said there, this adulterous generation seeks a sign and there will be no sign given to it except for the sign of Jonah.

47:40And this is where the people who promote this conspiracy theory stop reading. And they say this eclipse passing over seven cities called Nineveh must be the sign of Jonah.

47:56And the reason they should keep reading is because Jesus then explains precisely what the sign of Jonah is, which is just as Jonah was in the belly of the Great Fish for three days and three nights. So too, the Son of Man will be in the heart of the earth for three days and three nights.

48:13One of those.

48:15Okay, but what is that logical interpretations could possibly have anything to do with an eclipse, right? Absolutely nothing to do with eclipse. Additionally, it's just not true that there are seven cities named Nineveh that the path of totality will cross over it crosses over to.

48:33I'm so confused about how, I'm sorry, I'm still confused about how they're connecting this to the sign of Jonah. What is that? What are they saying it is they're saying the eclipse is the sign of Jonah and it is for this current adulterous and evil generation.

48:51And because I don't know who first came up with this. I'm not saying this is rational. I'm just saying that I started seeing these videos pointing this out and I went and looked on Google Maps and I was like, okay, one, five of those cities are not under the path of totality.

49:07They are outside of it entirely. Only two of them are actually inside that path and also that doesn't mean anything. And that is only the beginning of these claims.

49:23So additionally, they mistake, they misrepresent what Jonah was sent in Nineveh to do because they say Jonah said you have 40 days to repent, otherwise destruction. And so that's what they're saying this eclipse is giving us.

49:39Jonah did not say you have 40 days to repent. This was an unconditional prophecy of destruction. It did not give them an out 40 days and Nineveh will be overthrown.

49:50Punto, full stop, period. And then the king said, well, let's repent anyway. Who knows what God will do? We'll see.

49:59Yeah. And we talked about the book of Jonah previously. Jonah gets upset when they repent and are forgiven because Jonah was like, I knew you would do this to me.

50:08And so you're always doing this. You're always making me look bad in front of my friends.

50:14You're always forgiving people. People I really hate.

50:21And so yeah, they misrepresent the sign of Jonah. They misrepresent the prophecy or they misrepresent Jonah's prophecy. They misrepresent where these cities are located.

50:32And then it gets worse because then they look at other eclipses from recent years. One is the 2017 eclipse that kind of went west to east over the United States.

50:41And they said that one passes over seven cities called Salem.

50:46Okay. Yeah. So, and Salem is a name that we find in Genesis that Melchizedek was supposed to be the king of Salem.

50:58Now, actually Melchizedek was the king of Sodom, but they changed it.

51:03So, yeah, we'll talk about that. You just blew some mines. We'll have to get to that. Yeah, we'll talk about that another day.

51:10And it also doesn't cross over seven cities named Salem. It crosses over like five.

51:16And then as I mentioned to you, I counted, I just googled how many cities named Salem in the US. There were like 43 of them.

51:24Yeah. So, yeah, you can drop an eclipse somewhere on the contiguous United States and you're probably going to hit some Salem.

51:33Yeah, you're probably going to get some spring fields. So, yeah, that's not a big surprise.

51:39But then they talk about how right where those two, the 2017 and the 2024 eclipse intersect, they're supposed to be a town called Rapture.

51:48Okay. And so they're like, "Ah, this is the Rapture, finally."

51:53We're getting to the Rapture. I get to fly off into the skies and watch as my neighbors and everybody else is left on Earth.

52:03And which is also not true, that the Rapture city is outside of the intersection of those two paths of totality.

52:13Where would that be somewhere in like, I'm going to guess if I'm thinking about those two paths somewhere like Nebraska or something?

52:23I think it's Indiana. Okay. I think it's right around Indiana. So one of them crosses over Indiana, Ohio and the other is coming sweeping through Nebraska, Missouri.

52:34And then they, there's a third eclipse that was, I forget what year that was in, but that one goes west east, but instead of in a southernly, southernly route, like the 2017 one, it's in a more northerly route.

52:51And so if you plot these three eclipses, it makes what looks like a sideways A with the bar kind of extending well beyond.

53:03You know, it's basically three different things intersecting like that.

53:07And then we have people pointing out, you can spell, or the paths of these eclipses spell out the old Hebrew character, Aleph, and the old Hebrew character, Tov.

53:22And Aleph and Tov are the first and the last letters of the Hebrew alphabet, which means they would correspond to the Alpha and the Omega in the Greek alphabet, which means they would correspond to the Alpha and the Omega in the Greek alphabet.

53:32Which means the paths of these eclipses mean Jesus.

53:39Wow.

53:40The first and the last, the Alpha and the Omega.

53:43I mean, three intersecting lines probably will often do that.

53:49Yeah.

53:50I don't, I don't know the odds of that, but I'm pretty sure it's, yeah, it's not, it is a non-zero.

53:57The odds of, of you being able to squint at three lines and say, I can kind of see an A and an X.

54:05Yeah.

54:06And so this is basically the throw, the prophetic spaghetti at the wall, and the more you can imagine into these events, the more clear it is that it is prophetic.

54:23And then we have the, the gentleman in the cowboy hat from the other day.

54:28Oh, yeah.

54:29That was a good one.

54:30If you haven't seen Dan's video taking down this video, it's on TikTok.

54:36It's great.

54:37So this guy was like, I'm going to take you down this deep, dark rabbit hole.

54:44Yeah.

54:45And I was like, ooh, scared me with a good time.

54:48Yeah.

54:49And then he's like, it's about CERN.

54:50And I was like, I'm out.

54:52But you weren't out.

54:53You stayed in.

54:54No, I was not.

54:55I stayed in.

54:56I have, I have heard about CERN way too much about how CERN is opening up portals to hell.

55:02CERN, by the way, is the, is the Large Hadron Collider thing?

55:07Yeah.

55:08It's just physics experiments is all it is.

55:11Yeah.

55:12But not if you listen to Christian conspiracy theories, because it is pretty much every everything

55:22that happens in the book of Revelation centers around CERN, if you listen to these guys.

55:27So what does he have to say?

55:29And, and Janie the Switzerland, because like there's a United Nations headquarters there,

55:32like the people are concerned about the environment there, everything on your list of right wing

55:39authoritarian bitching is going to be in Geneva.

55:45Yeah.

55:46So what he said is that the Large Hadron Collider, one that, that CERN's logo, which is the rings

55:54and the particle tracks and everything like that.

55:57Can I just say, it is a bad logo.

55:59It is not great.

56:00It is objectively an ugly domo.

56:02It's not great.

56:03I think it's from the fifties, but yeah, it's not great.

56:06But he says it's 666, right, which doesn't work at all.

56:11If you look at it, you could see that there, you could, there could be some sixes in there,

56:16but there's like five different offshoot, like STEM, so it's probably like, I looked

56:23at it and I'm like, I see a six, I see a P, there's a D maybe, I got, I don't, yeah, it's,

56:30you can't, it can't just be six, six, six, well, we'll leave it at that.

56:35And you, and you have to like erase some stuff to get sixes in there.

56:38Yeah, and maybe, maybe to make one a mirror image or something anyway.

56:42But he says that the Large Hadron Collider is built over top of or next to or underneath

56:50or something, an old temple to Apollo, yes, the God Apollo, yeah, and this is based on

57:00a false etymology for the name of a commune that's part of the Large Hadron Collider goes

57:07underneath.

57:09And that is, oh, what the name of it is, it's in French, but it's like, sand me, poo yay.

57:19And poo yay, they say, oh, this comes from this Latin term apoliacum, which is a reference

57:24to a temple of Apollo, and that's just pure and utter nonsense, poo yay in this French

57:32name comes from Paulius or Polius, it has absolutely nothing to do with Apollo.

57:38I have, I'm familiar with the Geneva is a location of a temple of Apollo conspiracy theory from

57:45the notion that the death of Antipas that's mentioned in Revelation chapter two took place

57:51at Geneva, even though it explicitly says that it took place at Pergamom, because like

57:58somebody edited a Wikipedia entry once and was like Antipas was killed in a in a brazen

58:06bull at an Apollo, you know, a temple to Apollo in Geneva or Lyon in France.

58:13Right.

58:14Right.

58:15And which are two different places by the way.

58:16Yes, yes.

58:17And I imagine they were just giggling to themselves as they watch.

58:21But like people just took this and ran with it.

58:23And now we've got this asinine notion that Geneva is, you know, that basically the gate

58:29to hell is underground in Geneva.

58:31Yeah.

58:32And it's nonsense.

58:33But the reason this all came up is because they have, they schedule when the large Hadron

58:39Collider is going to be on and off and what kinds of experiments they're going to be

58:42doing with it like years out.

58:44Yeah.

58:45And so it has not been on for months.

58:48And I think they started powering it up last month, but they're actually going to start

58:53experiments with it again on April 8th.

58:55Right.

58:56And so the way this guy said it was that it's going to be at full power and the eclipse

59:03hits.

59:04It's like, well, one, it's on the other side of the earth.

59:07Yeah.

59:08No one in Switzerland will even be aware that there's an eclipse happening.

59:13Yeah.

59:14We're Americans though.

59:15We're the only ones who matter.

59:17So we're all happening here, then it is relevant to everyone else.

59:21Do you think he's minorly pissed off that the CERN Collider that like the end of the

59:26world place isn't also here, just like some centered around New York City or something

59:32like that.

59:33You'd think that he would be pissed that anyway, part of part of the address of a United Nations

59:39building in New York is evidently 666.

59:42So there are absolutely theories that the Antichrist lives in New York.

59:50666, as we've discussed on this show, has nothing to do with anyone now.

59:55Right.

59:56Yeah.

59:57Anyway, go on.

59:58It's about Nero.

59:59And yeah, he was saying that they, he claimed that the scientists at CERN are insisting that

60:07they're opening up gateways to other dimensions and that, quote, entities are passing back

60:13and forth.

60:15That was my favorite claim that he made, which was about the intention of the scientists

60:21there, because that we can verify, like, yeah, no, they, they are not claiming that.

60:28That's not what it's for.

60:30That's what you're claiming it's for.

60:31Yeah.

60:32You're saying that.

60:34And, and, oh man, and so the idea is basically that this is, and there's a, there's a passage

60:40in Revelation about the pit that opens and the destroyer Apollion is going to come out

60:47and, you know, waggle his tail or something.

60:50I don't know, but he says that Apollion is also a reference to Apollo, whose temple is

60:56at CERN, whose logo is 666 and they're trying to open up gates to hell.

61:02Yeah.

61:03Apollion has nothing to do with the God Apollo.

61:05It comes from a Greek verbal route that you learn in like your first or second semester

61:13of taking Greek apollomy, which means to ruin or destroy.

61:19And there's a great joke that if you learn a modern language, you know, you learn where

61:23is the bathroom.

61:24My name is so-and-so.

61:25Yeah.

61:26When you learn ancient Greek, you learn the gods are angry and things like that.

61:32But you don't know how to say donde estala biblioteca in ancient Greek.

61:38No, no se insenya eso.

61:42But you, you know, you're reading like Homer right off the bat.

61:45So there's a lot of that.

61:46So you learn the verb for ruin and destroy right away.

61:50But that's where the name, the Apollion is the destroyer and it's supposed to be a translation

61:55of the Hebrew word abadon, which means destruction.

62:00So anyone who has just a, a rudimentary understanding of these texts and this history and, you

62:09know, science, yeah, can see that all of this is pure and utter nonsense.

62:16But unfortunately, the people with the least capacity for critical thought and the least

62:21curiosity are also the people who have access to the internet and have, for some reason,

62:29they've gone us the desire to go out and spread these asinine conspiracy theories that I'm

62:35sure just riddle some people with anxiety and fear people who are, who are deep in this,

62:43people who were raised to think that the world could end at any second.

62:47And if they masturbated yesterday, then they're going to go to hell.

62:50I imagine folks like that are do not enjoy all of the, the doomsday prophesying that is

62:59going on here.

63:00Well, it's, it's even worse than that.

63:02Yes, there's the, the, the personal anguish and anxiety that this causes.

63:06But I went into that guy's video and I went into the comment section and one of the first

63:10comments that I saw, um, I mean, and mind you, I see why this guy is spreading these dumb

63:18things because it's got like over a million views.

63:21Yeah.

63:22And you know, there are these comments, the, you know, the, the comments that have risen

63:26to the top are all like, you know, I believe this is totally true, but, you know, no type

63:32in, no weapons shall prevail against me.

63:35I got Jesus and blah, blah, blah, right.

63:38And then there was one that was like my kids think I'm crazy, but I can, but we know that

63:45this is happening and I just thought that is tragic.

63:49Yeah.

63:50And that's happening all over the place.

63:51Like, yeah, there are people who are pestering their families about this stuff because they're

63:56so scared of that about it.

63:58Yeah.

63:59And they're literally alienating themselves from the people that they love the most because

64:04of a whole like litany of really bad interpretations of this, of this book.

64:12Yeah.

64:13Yeah.

64:14And that I get messages from time to time from people who have been, you know, they're

64:20those kids who, who don't have relationships with their parents anymore with their brothers

64:25and sisters or whatever because they have just gone down that deep dark rabbit hole that

64:31this guy is trying to drag down people down into because it's turned into this basically

64:38club of, you know, let's believe all these asinine things about how, you know, pharma

64:45Kia and vaccines are the tool of the devil and they're the mark of the beast and, and

64:52all of this stuff, which it's just not productive at all.

64:56It does nothing except ruin relationships and ruin people's self esteem and their confidence

65:05and their hope and their ability to function within a society that really has no use for

65:13this kind of fear mongering outside of just structuring power and making some money.

65:19Yeah.

65:20And so, you know, maybe that guy makes 500 bucks off of this video over the course of

65:24a few weeks on TikTok.

65:27I mean, is that worth it?

65:29I want to make 500 bucks, but I, I look, I, I'm not too hung up on my own ethics, but

65:36I definitely don't, I, I'll make 500 bucks a different way than that.

65:41That's just too much pain in anguish to like, you know, and now people are, I'm sure there

65:48are people who are stocking up on toilet paper and, and, you know, non-parish 22 ammunition.

65:55Yeah.

65:56That was the big thing for what, when Obama was president, um, um, um, 22 ammunition,

66:03he was going to make it illegal.

66:04So the gun shops were like, come get it now.

66:07And they were like, yes, sir, um, yeah, it was just an ammunition.

66:12Yeah.

66:13It's, it's sad.

66:15It's a little scary.

66:16And it would be nice if any of them noticed when any of these things didn't come true

66:23and go, Oh, wait, maybe there's something, maybe there's a lesson to be learned here.

66:28Yeah.

66:29In the meantime, I went, I told you I went into that comment section.

66:32Yeah.

66:33And, uh, while I was in there, I, I just posted a little comment that just said, Hey, anybody

66:38want to bet?

66:39I'll bet.

66:40Yeah.

66:41I'll bet you money about this.

66:42The none of this is going to happen.

66:44So put a date on it.

66:45Put a deadline.

66:46Yeah.

66:47Yeah.

66:48Let's, let's, let's work out the, the, the particulars.

66:50And then, uh, let's make that bet.

66:52And I say, you know, rather than being estranged from your family members, make them pay you

66:58if, if they're wrong, make them pay you.

67:02That's all I'm saying.

67:04Have them subsidize your edibles and then rub it in their face.

67:11All right.

67:13Well, uh, hopefully, uh, hopefully the end of the world has not come by the time this

67:19comes out and we're all doing okay and maybe CERN will have some cool discoveries for us

67:24at some point soon.

67:25I hope so.

67:26That'd be cool.

67:27Well, friends, uh, if you would like to become a part of making this show happen and in,

67:34in so doing, receive early access to an ad-free version of every episode of the show, as

67:40well as bonus patrons only content, you can do so by going to patreon.com/dataoverdogma.

67:49We're about to hit, uh, a milestone for us and we'd love for you to push us over the

67:53top.

67:54That'd be great.

67:55Uh, if you care to reach out to us, you can reach us at contact@dataoverdogmapod.com and

68:04we'll see you next week.

68:06Bye everybody.

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